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Retsina

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Retsina is the best-known traditional Greek wine. For a long time, it was so well-known that its reputation—not always positive—cast a shadow over other Greek wines.

Retsina has been produced continuously for thousands of years, as evidenced by countless archaeological discoveries and numerous written references to the production and consumption of “ritinitis oenos” (resin wine) in Ancient Greece. The main reasons for using resin in wines—and the factors that led to the widespread production of retsina—were as follows:

• The proximity of vineyards to pine forests that produce resin, particularly in Central Greece (Mainland Greece).

• The practice of sealing the neck and coating the inside of amphorae (ancient vessels used for storing and transporting wine) with pine resin to make them airtight and prevent the wine from coming into contact with air.

• The addition of resin to improve wine preservation.

• The use of pinewood barrels (in later periods).

• The addition of resin to improve wines that have deteriorated organoleptically.

• The practice of altering a wine’s aroma by adding resin, which is still used today.

Retsina is produced by adding plant-based resin—specifically pine resin from the Pinus halepensis species—to white wine, and rarely to rosé wine, during fermentation. The resin is subsequently removed, leaving only its aroma in the wine. The primary grape variety used for producing retsina is Savvatiano, followed by Roditis.

When of good quality, Retsina has a pronounced balsamic aroma characteristic of pine, while allowing the grape’s aromas to shine through. Its almost imperceptible bitterness provides a crisp, almost refreshing aftertaste, as if the wine contained carbon dioxide, making it an ideal pairing for the hearty dishes of Greek cuisine.

Retsina may only be produced in Greece, throughout the country, and bears the "Traditional Designation" label. The best-known regions producing Retsina, which are authorized to include the wine's name on their labels, are located in mainland Greece and include Attica, Boeotia, and Euboea.

The Revival of Retsina Wine

Straight from the sunny lands of Greece, Retsina has seen a resurgence in popularity in recent years. Thanks to new production methods, why not discover—or rediscover—this drink that smells just like a vacation by the sea?

The ancient origins of Retsina wine

First appearing over 4,000 years ago in the land of Sophocles, the Retsina wine Like many discoveries, this one was the result of a happy accident. In fact, it was while shipping wine in amphorae sealed with resin to the colonies of Ancient Greece that it was noticed during the voyage that Aleppo pine resin had mixed with the wine. In addition to imparting distinctive aromas—a balance of sweetness and bitterness reminiscent of citrus—the resin also helped prevent the wine from oxidizing. Whether white or occasionally rosé, Retsina is made from the Roditis grape variety, which produces grapes with pink skins. It should be noted that the name “Retsina” may only be used if the wine is produced in Greece, its country of origin. Traditionally, Attica, Boeotia, and Euboea are the Greek regions that produce the most Retsina wine.

The aromatic complexity of Retsina wine

While just a few years ago, poor practices led to the use of mediocre wine to which large amounts of resin were added to mask its poor quality, a new generation of winemakers has successfully revitalized the production methods for Retsina wine. Often grown organically and therefore in smaller quantities, the wine is still fermented in amphorae with freshly harvested pine resin sourced as close as possible to the vineyard. Retsina white wine often offers a fragrance reminiscent of jasmine, sometimes with balsamic notes, as well as a wide range of aromas reminiscent of fresh herbs such as rosemary or oregano, plants like chamomile, or even citrus fruits. This dry wine is indeed endowed with a rich aromatic complexity derived from both the Mediterranean landscape and its unique production method.

Retsina wine and its many food pairings

This rich array of aromas and flavors pairs well with a wide variety of dishes. Naturally, Retsina wine is a perfect match for dishes from various Mediterranean cuisines. It pairs beautifully with Greek dishes made with olive oil: marinated vegetable mezze, stuffed grape leaves, or hummus served with pita bread. Retsina white wine also pairs wonderfully with grilled fish dishes seasoned with garlic. By extension, it complements many dishes from Japanese cuisine, particularly those featuring fish. Japanese curries, as well as Caribbean-style curries, are also slow-cooked dishes that are all the more delicious when served with a glass of Retsina.

As you can see, Retsina wine has a strong, time-honored identity and distinctive flavors. Deeply rooted in Greek culture and history, this wine has evolved thanks to passionate professionals, making it a beverage worth (re)discovering!

For more information, visit the website at Retsina