Burgundy Wines

Vineyards can be found in the region of Burgundy since ancient times. Their geographical location, at the center of a vast trade route, contributed to the rise of Burgundy wines. First planted during the Roman era, the vineyards were later cultivated by monks of the Cistercian and Cluniac orders. Burgundy wines owe their reputation to the Dukes of Burgundy. As owners of numerous vineyards, they imposed several regulations as early as the Middle Ages to ensure the quality of the wine produced.

In 1851, the first wine auction of the Hospices de Beaune was held. The first classification of Côte-d’Or wines took place in 1861. And in 1936, the first Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC) was granted to Morey-Saint-Denis.

Burgundy’s vineyards cover an area of 29,500 hectares, 25,000 of which are AOC-designated. They stretch for 250 kilometers. The wine-growing region is divided into five subregions: Chablis and the Grand Auxerrois (between Auxerre and Chablis), the Côte de Nuits (around Nuits-Saint-Georges), the Côte de Beaune, the Côte Chalonnaise (west of Chalon-sur-Saône), and the Mâconnais (west of Mâcon).

Burgundy wines are highly diverse and are distinguished by their primary grape varieties: Pinot Noir and Gamay for red wines, and Chardonnay and (to a lesser extent) Aligoté for white wines. Burgundy’s continental climate is characterized by cold winters and frequent frosts, even in the spring. Vineyard cultivation is therefore often challenging. The grape varieties are planted on clay-limestone soils. These climatic and geological characteristics give Burgundy wines their richness and complexity.

Burgundy wines: terroir as a hallmark

Among the world’s wine regions, Burgundy is far from the largest in terms of size, but today it is the most sought-after destination for lovers of fine wines. At the heart of this enthusiasm lies the terroir, celebrated like nowhere else.

Climates: The Foundation of Identity

In Burgundy, the connection to the terroir is embodied in the concept of the "climat," which is unique in the world. A climat is a vineyard plot with its own specific name, strictly demarcated, and whose characteristics are fully known: its exact size, its orientation or degree of sun exposure, and above all its geological features, which exhibit incredible diversity.

The Burgundy vineyards are a mosaic of 1,463 climats, shaped over the centuries, which give Burgundy wines—whether white or red—their unique character. These climats also form the basis of the classification of Burgundy wines as we know it today. At the pinnacle of the appellation hierarchy sit 34 classified vineyards designated as Grand Cru appellations. The production of wines from these 34 vineyards accounts for less than 2% of total Burgundy wine production. This rarity makes these wines—some of which have achieved legendary status—true treasures.

Single-varietal winemaking for authentic wines

In Burgundy, the vast majority of wines are produced in single-varietal. If the Chardonnay is now the most widely grown white grape variety in the world and the Pinot Noir Another widely grown red grape variety, it’s worth noting that its birthplace is Burgundy. Chardonnay and Pinot Noir—as well as, to a lesser extent, Aligoté for white wines—are what might be called “terroir sponges,” the ideal lens through which to highlight the geological authenticity of the vineyards.

In Chablis, Chardonnay is thus La Chablisienne ’s greatest ally in expressing the mineral character and freshness offered by a subsoil dominated by gray marl and limestone beds. In the Mâconnais, at the southernmost tip of the region, abundant sunshine and granite soils lend the Chardonnay from the Isabelle and Denis Pommier estate its suppleness and citrus aromas.

Inthe Côte d'Or, home to the most prestigious vineyards, the white wines—mostly produced in the Côte de Beaune, between Meursault and Puligny-Montrachet—develop an opulent character with absolutely unmatched buttery and brioche notes. The red wines are no exception, and the Pinot Noir produces wines with a bouquet bursting with fruit. Furthermore, if you plan to enjoy seafood, particularly scallops, be sure to try the 2017 Vau Ligneau 1er Cru from Domaine de la Motte.

A Hautes-Côtes de Beaune is sure to delight many. As for the Côte de Nuits, it is a realm where Pinot Noir reigns supreme. It is in this part of the vineyard where great winemakers produce truly extraordinary wines from appellations such asVosne-Romanée, Gevrey-Chambertin, and Nuits-St-Georges—to name just a few—which will offer wine lovers truly memorable moments.